雅思中常用的不规则动词

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英语中有许多不规则动词,它们不能简单通过加ed来获得过去式,你知道的这些不规则动词有哪些呢?看看下面的不规则动词变化大全,查漏补缺吧!



记忆法一:常见93个不规则动词的变化规律归纳如下:



一、A—A—A型,即原形、过去式和过去分词三者都相同。(共9个)


cost—cost—cost


cut—cut—cut


hit—hit—hit hurt—hurt—hurt


let—let— let


put—put—put


read—read—read


set—set—set


shut—shut—shut



二、A—B—B型,即过去式、过去分词相同。(共41个)


1过去式和过去分词都含有 -ought。(3个)


bring—brought—brought


buy— bought—bought


think—thought—thought



2 词尾有-ild,-end时,只需把d变为t。(4个)


build—built—built


lend—lent— lent


send—sent—sent


spend—spent— spent



3过去式、过去分词都含有 -aught。(2个)


catch—caught—caught


teach—taught—taught



4把-eep变为-ept。(3个)


keep—kept—kept


sleep—slept—slept


sweep— swept—swept



5把-ell变为-old。(2个)


tell—told—told


sell—sold—sold



6过去式、过去分词都含有-elt或-ilt。(4个)


smell—smelt—smelt


spell—spelt—spelt


feel—felt— felt


spill—spilt—spilt



7过去式、过去分词都在原形词尾加t。(3个)


learn—learnt—learnt


mean—meant—meant


spoil—spoilt—spoilt



8过去式、过去分词词尾是d。(4个)


say—said—said


pay—paid—paid


lay—laid—laid


hear—heard—heard



9改变元音字母。(11个)


meet—met—met


get—got—got


sit—sat—sat


find— found—found


hold—held—held


spit—spat—spat


shine— shone—shone


win—won—won


hang—hung—hung


dig— dug—dug


lose—lost—lost



10改变辅音字母。(1个)


make—made—made



11改变元、辅音字母。(4个)


leave—left—left


stand—stood—stood


have(has)— had—had


understand—understood—understood



三、A—B—C型,即原形、过去式、过去分词都不相同。(共35个)


1 i—a—u变化。(6个)


begin—began—begun


drink—drank—drunk


sing— sang—sung


ring—rang—rung


swim—swam—swum


sink— sank—sunk



2 词尾为-ow,-aw时,过去式将其变为-ew,过去分词在其原形后加n。(5个)


blow—blew—blown


draw—drew—drawn


grow— grew—grown


know—knew—known


throw—threw—thrown(show除外)



3 词尾为“i+辅(1个)+e”,过去式将i变为o,过去分词多在原形后加n,若那个辅音字母为d或t,须双写d或t后加n。(4个)(give,hide除外)


drive—drove—driven


write—wrote—written


ride— rode—ridden


rise—rose—risen



4 过去分词在过去式后加(e)n。(5个)


break—broke—broken


choose—chose—chosen


freeze—froze—frozen


speak—spoke—spoken


wake—woke— woken



5 过去分词由过去式加-ten构成。(1个)


forget—forgot—forgotten



6 过去分词由原形加(e)n构成。(6个)


be—was(were)—been


eat—ate—eaten


fall—fell—fallen


give—gave—given


see—saw—seen


hide—hid—hidden(hid)



7 词尾为-ake时,过去式将其变为-ook,过去分词在原形词后加-n。(2个)


take—took—taken


mistake—mistook—mistaken



8 原形、过去式和过去分词都不相同。(6个)


do—did—done


fly—flew—flown


go—went—gone


lie—lay—lain


show—showed—shown


wear—wore—worn



四、A—A—B型,即过去式和原形相同。(1个)


beat—beat—beaten



五、A—B—A型,即过去分词和原形相同。(3个)


come—came—come


become—became—become


run— ran—run



六、情态动词型,只有原形和过去式,没有过去分词。(4个)


can—could


may—might


will—would


shall—should



记忆法二:不规则动词相对于规则动词来说,难记得多,是最难对付的一类词。



一、 原形、过去式、过去分词相同:


cost/cut/hit/hurt/let/put/read/shut


(细心的你一定会发现,这些词中大多数是以字母t结尾的。)



二、 原形、过去式相同,过去分词不同:


beat/beat/beaten


三、 原形、过去分词相同,过去式不同:


come/came/come    become/became/become  run/ran/run


(come,become,属不规则变化,但welcome属规则动词,其过去式、过去分词为:welcomed,welcomed)



四、 过去式,过去分词相同:


(1) 去掉字母组合ee中的一个e


meet/met/met       feed/fed/fed



(2) 去掉字母组合ee中的一个e,然后再在词尾加t


feel/felt/felt        sleep/slept/slept


keep/kept/kept      sweep/swept/swept



(3) 词尾为的ll 去掉一个l加t


spell/spelt/spelt     smell/smelt/smelt  spill/spilt/spilt



(4) 过去式和过去分词以aught或 ought结尾


catch/caught/caught        teach/taught/taught  bring/brought/brought


buy/bought/bought     think/thought/thought



(5) 将stand改为stood


stand/stood/stood      understand/understood/understood



(6) 将ay改为aid


lay/laid/laid       pay/paid/paid  say/said/said



(7) 将d改为t


lend/lent/lent             send/sent/sent


spend/spent/spent       build/built/built



(8) 将i改为a , o, u等


sit/sat/sat            spit/spat/spat


dig/dug/dug    win/won/won



(9) 将ell改为old


tell/told/told          sell/sold/sold



(10) 词尾加t


learn/learnt/learnt      mean/meant/meant


dream/dreamt/dreamt   spoil/spoilt/spoilt



(11) 有两种过去式和过去分词, 一种是不规则的, 一种是规则的:


learn/learnt/learnt      learn/learned/learned


shine/shone/shone     shine/shined/shined


hang/hung/hung        hang/hanged/hanged


smell/smelt/smelt      smell/smelled/smelled


burn/burnt/burnt       burn/burned/burned


light/lii/lit            light/lighted/lighted



(12) 其它


have(has)/had/had    hear/heard/heard


shoot/shot/shot         lose/lost/lost


hold/held/held          get/got/got(AmE gotten)


find/found/found        make/made/made


leave/left/left



五、三者均不同:


(1) 过去式以ew结尾、过去分词以own结尾


blow/blew/blown          fly/flew/flown


grow/grew/grown          know/knew/known


throw/threw/thrown


值得注意的是:


show/showed/shown或showed       draw/drew/drawn



(2)改i为a变成过去式、改i为u变成过去分词


begin/began/begun        drink/drank/drunk


ring/rang/rung              sing/sang/sung


swim/swam/swum         sink/sank/sunk



(3)改i为o变成过去式,过去分词以n结尾


drive/drove/driven         write/wrote/written


rise/rose/risen              ride/rode/ridden



(4) 原形后加n变成过去分词


drive/drove/driven         rise/rose/risen   eat/ate/eaten


give/gave/given       fall/fell/fallen



(5) 过去式后加n变成过去分词


break/broke/broken      choose/chose/chosen


freeze/froze/frozen      mistake/mistook/mistaken


steal/stole/stolen        speak/spoke/spoken


take/took/taken         wake/woke/woken(或woke)



(6)其它


be/was或were/been       do/did/done        forget/forgot/forgotten


go/went/gone            hide/hid/hidden            see/saw/seen


wear/wore/worn



六、 有两种过去式和过去分词,但词义相同。


wake/woke/woken (或woke) wake/waked/waked


sink/sank/sunk                 sink/sunk/sunken



七、动词因其过去式、过去分词有两种形式而产生不同词义:


shine、hang的两种过去式和过去分词:


shone/shone照耀     shined/shined擦亮


hung/hung悬挂      hanged/hanged绞死



八、两个既可以做过去式,又可以做动词原形的词


lie躺卧lay/lain/lying(现在分词)


lay放,下蛋laid/laid/laying


find 找到、发现find/found/found


found 创建,成立 found/founded/founded



九、根据动词之间的词义联系来记忆


(一)词义相对:


(1) come/came/come来—— go/went/gone去


(2) give/gave/given给——get/got/got(AmE gotten)获得


(3) sleep/slept/slept睡觉—wake/woke/woken (或woke)


或wake/waked/waked 醒来


(4) rise/rose/risen上升、上涨、升起——fall/fell/fallen下降、落下、倒下


sink/sank/sunk    sink/sunk/sunken 沉下, (使)下沉


(5) buy/bought/bought买—— sell/sold/sold出售, 卖


(6) take/took/taken带去——bring/brought/brought 带来


(7) teach/taught/taught教——learn/learnt/learnt


或learn/learned/learned学习、学会


(8) lose/lost/lost丢失、失败——find/found/found找到


win/won/won赢得、(获)胜


(9) stand/stood/stood站、立——sit/sat/sat坐


(10) send/sent/sent 送、寄、发送——get/got/got获得、收到



(二)词义相近:


(1) beat/beat/beaten 打, 打败   win/won/won赢得、获胜


(2) understand/understood/understood 懂, 了解


know/knew/known 知道, 了解, 认识


(3) get/got/got(AmE gotten)变成、成为、变得


become/became/become 变成, 成为, 变得


go/went/gone变成turn/turned/turned变成


(4) spend/spent/spent 花费、度过


pay/paid/paid 支付、交纳


cost/cost/cost花费、价值为


take/took/taken花费


(5) say/said/said说、讲


speak/spoke/spoken说、演讲


tell/told/told 告诉、说、吩咐、断定


talk/talked/talked谈话, 讲, 谈论, 议论



记忆法三:



1.无变化,过去式与原形相同。


let→let, put→put, hit→hit, must→must, set→set, beat→beat, cast→cast, cost→cost, cut→cut, hurt→hurt, read→red, shut→shut


(shed→shed split→split spread→spread burst→burst)



2.元音字母的变化。


i→a: begin→began, drink→drank, ring→rang, sing→sang, swim→swam, give→gave, sit→sat, sink→sank


i→o: drive→drove, ride→rode, shine→shone, write→wrote, rise→rose, win→won,


(strive→strove arise→arose)


i→ou: find→found (wind→wound, bind→bound, grind→ground)


a→oo: take→took, shake→shook


e→o: get→got, forget→forgot


o→a: come→came, become→became


oo→o: shoot→shot, choose→chose



3.元音字母组合的变化。


aw/ow/y→ew:draw→drew, blow→blew, grow→grew, know→knew, throw→threw, fly→flew



4.元音字母和辅音字母都有变化。


(1) sell→sold, tell→told, retell→retold


(2) say→said, pay→paid, lay→laid, relay→relaid


(3) sweep→swept, keep→kept, sleep→slept, creep→crept


(4) bring→brought, buy→bought, think→thought, fight→fought


(5) catch→caught, teach→taught


(6) can→could, will→would, shall→should



5.辅音字母变化。


(1)build→built, send→sent, bend→bent, lend→lent, rend→rent, spend→spent


(2)make→made, have→had, hear→heard


(3)mean→meant, learn→learnt



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发布日期:2016-07-28